🌿 Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 – Resources and Development

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In this post, we bring you detailed notes on Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 – Resources and Development. This chapter explains the classification, importance, conservation, and planning of natural resources in India and the world.

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🌎 I. What Are Resources?

Resources are anything available in our environment that can be used to satisfy human needs and is technologically accessible, economically feasible, and culturally acceptable.

✅ Characteristics of Resources:

• Utility or usefulness

• Human interaction is essential to turn a substance into a resource

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🗂️ II. Classification of Resources

1️⃣ On the Basis of Origin:

2️⃣ On the Basis of Exhaustibility:

3️⃣ On the Basis of Ownership:

4️⃣ On the Basis of Status of Development:

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🇮🇳 III. Resource Planning in India

Resource planning is essential for the sustainable development of a country.

✏️ Steps in Resource Planning:

1. Identification and inventory of resources

2. Planning with appropriate technology and skills

3. Matching resource development plans with national development goals

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⚠️ IV. Problems of Resource Use

• Unequal distribution of resources → leads to regional imbalance

• Over-exploitation of resources → leads to environmental degradation

• Depletion of non-renewable resources

• Need for resource conservation

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🏞️ V. Land Resources in India

🇮🇳 Land Use Pattern in India:

📊 Land Use Depends On:

• Topography

• Climate

• Soil type

• Human factors (population, technology)

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🧱 VI. Land Degradation and Conservation

🚨 Causes of Land Degradation:

• Overgrazing

• Deforestation

• Over-irrigation

• Mining

• Waste from industries

✅ Measures to Conserve Land:

• Afforestation and proper grazing practices

• Controlled mining

• Organic farming and use of bio-fertilizers

• Shelter belts and terrace farming in hilly areas

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🌱 VII. Soil as a Resource

Soil is a renewable resource but takes hundreds of years to form.

⛏️ Factors of Soil Formation:

• Parent rock

• Climate

• Time

• Organisms

• Relief

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🧾 VIII. Types of Soil in India

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⚠️ IX. Soil Erosion and Conservation

🌪️ Types of Erosion:

• Sheet erosion: Topsoil is removed by water

• Gully erosion: Deep gullies form; land becomes unfit for cultivation

✅ Soil Conservation Techniques:

• Contour ploughing

• Terrace farming

• Shelter belts

• Strip cropping

• Check dams

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📝 Conclusion

• Resources are essential for human development, but planned and sustainable use is necessary.

• India’s land and soil need careful management to prevent degradation and ensure future prosperity.

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📘 Key Terms